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粉红豹 · 2020年01月19日

问一道题：NO.PZ2019100901000013

  1. CFA III
  2. 机构IPS

问题如下：

Fiona Heselwith is a 40-year-old US citizen who has accepted a job with Lyricul, LLC, a UK-based company. Her benefits package includes a retirement savings plan. The company offers both a defined benefit (DB) plan and a defined contribution (DC) plan but stipulates that employees must choose one plan and remain with that plan throughout their term of employment.

The DB plan is fully funded and provides full vesting after five years. The benefit formula for monthly payments upon retirement is calculated as follows:

Final monthly salary × Benefit percentage of 2% × Number of years of service

The final monthly salary is equal to average monthly earnings for the last five financial years immediately prior to the retirement date

The DC plan contributes 12% of annual salary into the plan each year and is also fully vested after five years. Lyricul offers its DC plan participants a series of life-cycle funds as investment choices. Heselwith could choose a fund with a target date matching her planned retirement date. She would be able to make additional contributions from her salary if she chooses

Discuss the features that Heselwith should consider in evaluating the two plans with respect to the following:

i. Benefit payments

ii. Contributions

iii. Shortfall risk

iv. Mortality/longevity risks

选项：

解释：

请教老师，答案中有一句话：although her contribution in the DC plan are vested immediately.，请问是什么意思？如何理解，从题目中如何找到的信息点？

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发亮_品职助教 · 2020年01月20日

嗨，从没放弃的小努力你好：


"although her contribution in the DC plan are vested immediately"

就是养老金需要交够一个年限，年限够了之后这个养老金才有效（Vested）。

否则交不够的话，养老金可能会无效。这句就是说他的DC养老金已经有效了。

对应的信息只有这句：

The DC plan contributes 12% of annual salary into the plan each year and is also fully vested after five years.

不过题干这句话有点歧义，因为他可能是在描述DC养老金的要求是交5年然后Vested，也可能是描述Fiona Heselwith同学他的养老金状态，是已经交够5年生效了。不过显然答案把这个当做Fiona Heselwith同学的养老金状态了。

这道题是原版书课后题，不过感觉这里有点小问题。一般题目如果是判断Vested的话，题目会给工作年限或者直接说明交了多少年的，不过像这道题有点歧义。


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每天都想出坑的铁头娃 · 2021年04月06日

发亮老师好。我想和你探讨一下vest的问题，我一直认为vest是干够年限的意思。比如这个人是5年fully vest，就是说你要在公司干够五年才能拿到 fully benefit package。不是说交够五年养老金吧。这也就是说我为啥不理解答案说immediate vest，因为题目里说“dc also fully vest in 5 years”. 我挺不明白这里为啥非要把vest period搬出来，因为都是5年才拿full benefit。

发亮_品职助教 · 2021年04月06日

嗨，从没放弃的小努力你好：


我想和你探讨一下vest的问题，我一直认为vest是干够年限的意思。比如这个人是5年fully vest，就是说你要在公司干够五年才能拿到 fully benefit package。不是说交够五年养老金吧。这也就是说我为啥不理解答案说immediate vest，因为题目里说“dc also fully vest in 5 years”. 我挺不明白这里为啥非要把vest period搬出来，因为都是5年才拿full benefit。


以下是从那个US IRS查到的关于Vesting的定义：


“Vesting” in a retirement plan means ownership. This means that each employee will vest, or own, a certain percentage of their account in the plan each year. An employee who is 100% vested in his or her account balance owns 100% of it and the employer cannot forfeit, or take it back, for any reason.


也就是说Vesting可以简单理解成Ownership。


这里DB Plan与DC plan都是Vesting after 5-years。


5年的Vesting period，对于DB plan来讲，如果没有干够5年员工离职了，那以前的DB就失效了，相当于是白交了。只有过了5年的Vesting period，DB plan才真正成立，才属于我们。


但是对于DC plan来说，如果在A公司干够了5年，那员工在A公司的DC Plan一定是生效的；同时，DC Plan是Portable的，也就是说可以跟着员工走的，员工就算从A公司离职没有干够5年，在A公司缴纳的DC Plan也会跟着员工走。所以才说这个DC plan是Immediately vesting的，也就是员工是一直具有Ownership的。


总结下：Vesting period=5-years，如果在A公司干够了5年，那该DC plan在A公司生效；如果没有在A公司干够5年，员工可以将DC Plan带到其他单位，所以员工对DC Plan一直拥有Ownership，所以我们说他是vesting immediately的。

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